The Kingdom plantae can be defined as multicellular, autotrophic eukaryotes, which conduct photosynthesis. All member of this family comprises of true nucleus and advanced membrane bound organelles. Among the five kingdoms, Kingdom plantae is a very important, as they are the source of food for all other living creatures present on planet earth, which depends on plants to survive. kingom plantae has several characteristic which are;

  .Most of the plants are eukaryotic and chlorophyll containing organisms.

• Cell walls of plant cells are comprised of cellulose.

• They have an ability to grow by cell division. 

• In life cycle of plant cells, the interchanges occur from the embryos and are supported by other tissues and self produce.

• Plants have both organs and organ systems.

• They obtain their energy from sun through photosynthesis. 

• Plants reproduce both by sexual and asexual.

• Plants develop a self defense mechanism to protect them from being destroyed by animals, fungi and other plants.

• Organisms within Kingdom Plantae are multicellular, eukaryotic and autotrophic.

• They lack motility.

Kingdom Plantae Classification

Based on their classification, plants are divided into the four main groups. These classifications was based on

 

• The presence of vascular tissue.

• The absence of vascular tissue.

• The presence of seeds.

• The absence of seeds.

 

Vascular tissue and the seeds are mainly considered as they play a vital role in:

Vascular tissue helps in transporting substances (water, minerals and sugars) throughout the plant.

Seeds are structures, which contains an embryo that helps in storing food.
Phyllum Bryophyta

  .They are non-vascular land plants, which do not contain any conducting tissues and are often referred to as bryophytes. 

• These plants are small, grow close to the ground and include mosses and liverworts.

• They are very small in structure and are considered as important members of our ecosystem.

• The reproduction process is carried in their spores. They are non flowering plant and are found mainly growing on the ground, on other plants and on rocks.

• They play a vital role in preventing soil erosion.

Phylum bryophyta e.g.: Mosses, Liverworts and  Hornworts.
Mosses

Phyllum  Pteridophytae

   .They are seedless vascular plants, which contain vascular tissues but do not produce seeds.  

• They are involved in transportation of fluids.

• The reproduction process is carried by spores. 

 

Phylum pteridophytae e.g.: horsetails, ferns and club mosses.
Horsetails

Phyllum  Angiosperms

  .Angiosperms are flowering plants, which develops the seeds within a protective structure.

• The reproduction process is carried by Angiosperm.

• They develop their seeds within an ovary, which itself is embedded in a flower. After the stage of fertilization, the flower falls and the ovary bulges to become a fruit.

• Angiosperms in the class Dicotyledoneae grows into two seed-leaves (cotyledons).

• An angiosperms leaf consists of a single, branched, main vein, which originates from the base of the leaf blade. In few plats, it may also consist of four or more main veins diverging from the same base.

 

 

Phylum angiosperms e.g.: trees, shrubs, vines and flowers.

Phyllum Gymnosperms

    .Gymnosperms are non-flowering plants with undeveloped seeds, which are present in an enclosed structure.

• Monocot begins with a single seed-leaf.  The main veins of their leaves are usually parallel and unbranched. 

• Monocot plays an important role in providing us with our primary sources of nutrition, which includes grains, fruits, etc.

 

Phylum gymnosperms e.g:  palms, carpet lawns, etc.